If a music disc is playing (probably works with other sounds too), turning Directional Audio on or off will stop the sound.
Go into a world. Place a jukebox, and put a disc in it. Enable/Disable Directional Audio, and it stops playing. You can even enable LAN to see that it happens as soon as Directional Audio is toggled.
Now it makes sense why this happens, but whenever you toggle the option, it should restart any affected sounds and skip to the part where it stopped whenever the sound should have continued playing. Instead, it does not restart the sound in any way, so it just stops playing entirely until you reinsert the music disc.
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That one seems different, this one has to do with Directional Audio, not the volume slider.
I could be wrong though, they could be related.

I can confirm this happening in 22w16b and it is not related to changing volume but related to enabling directional audio while sound such as music discs are already playing
Can confirm in 1.19.

In 23w42a