Ice is not part of the #overworld_carver_replaceables tag despite it being a natural overworld terrain block. This causes cave carvers to not cut through ice.
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Confirmed and updated this ticket to exclusively mention ice, since as mentioned already by @unknown, snow blocks are being tracked at MC-16132.

Added gameplay impact to summary and description.
Found a location where this issue surfaces:
Seed: MC-260557
Single Biome: Frozen Peaks
/execute in minecraft:overworld run tp @s -14.27 61.75 -561.78 1441.47 -16.16
This has already been reported for snow blocks ages ago: MC-16132
But not for ice.