The bug
When you start smelting a smelt bar is filling and after finish produces the output.
You can add manually materials as well as fuel and it does not affect smelting bar progress.
However when you add a material to already ongoing smelting using recipe book then the smelting progress bar resets.
Steps to reproduce
Ensure the terracotta smelting recipe is unlocked:
/recipe give @s terracottaGive yourself two clay blocks and a piece of coal:
/give @s clay 2/give @s coalPlace and open a furnace, and open the smelting recipe book
Place the coal in the fuel slot
Click on the terracotta recipe
→ ✔ One clay block begins to be smeltedClick on the terracotta recipe again
→ ✔ The second clay block is added to the ingredient slot
→ ❌ The smelting progress is reset
Can confirm in 23w32a, related to MC-142766