When a player/mob receives Instant Health 125+ from a potion (not /effect) they will instantly die, regardless of creative mode, invulnerable nbt tag, or totem of undying.
If done to a player, the player will respawn with entire inventory (even if /gamerule keepInventory is false) including any held totems of undying from before death
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We're tracking this issue as MC-10755, so this ticket is being resolved and linked as a duplicate.
That ticket has already been resolved as Won't Fix, which means this is considered a bug but won't be fixed. The description of that ticket or the comments might explain the rationale. Please do not leave a comment on the linked ticket.
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Duplicate of MC-10755, unsupported amplifier.