I discovered this when I placed a button on the back-side of a stair block that is above a door, it will not open the door, regardless of the stair-block’s orientation.
Regardless of the output, it will not send a Redstone signal below or above the stair-block, even if Redstone is on the stair block itself.
EDIT:
I’ve discovered that the stairs act as a transparent block which is the reasoning behind it not executing a Redstone signal.
This duplicates MC-117630, which was resolved as Works As Intended.