This behavior was introduced in 18w46a.
When texture atlases are large, Minecraft causes gaps between blocks that have low resolution.
Steps to reproduce
Generate a flat world with grass blocks as the top layer.
Change the time to night:
time set night
Load the resource pack in the attachment. (AtlasTest.zip)
Look down
Environment
GTX 1070
The first version affected by this bug is Minecraft 18w46a.