The bug
When you place a block that is used to fall (sand, gravel, or anvil) up to a dual grass block or any new plant of two blocks height and break the grass the block just gets stuck when it was supposed to fall.
Code analysis
Code analysis by @unknown can be found in this comment.
Related issues
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Confirmed.
Affects 14w04a
Appears to only affect the bottom block since 14w06b.
Confirmed for 14w11b (lower part)
Confirmed for 14w26c
Confirmed for 1.8pre2
Confirmed in 1.8.
Confirmed for 1.8.3
Confirmed affecting 1.8.3 here too (used red sand on peony)
Sorry if I posted this here. Is there a way that I can edit the post so I can add my MC version affected with that bug or I will just needed to comment "Confirmed for ..*" and a mod will rescue and put it into the "Affects Versions" tab in the post?
No, you are correct. Only the reporter of an issue and mods can edit it, for security reasons.
Confirmed for 15w46a
Floating sand can't be done using /setblock command. and only can be done using this method. Weird. :[
Confirmed for Minecraft Release 1.9

Please link to this comment in the description
The following is based on a decompiled version of Minecraft 1.9 using MCP 9.24 beta.
It looks like the reason for this are missing block updates. The problem is that currently the class net.minecraft.block.BlockDoublePlant
overrides the method net.minecraft.block.Block.onBlockHarvested(World, BlockPos, IBlockState, EntityPlayer)
, which is called before the block is set to air. Because of this it cannot replace the other plant part with an update. If it would do that the update would cause the harvested part to be detected as incomplete because it was not removed yet.
To solve this the class should probably override the method net.minecraft.block.Block.onBlockDestroyedByPlayer(World, BlockPos, IBlockState)
instead which is called after the block was replaced. Then block updates can be applied without any side effects (hopefully).
Have a look at the method net.minecraft.server.management.PlayerInteractionManager.removeBlock(BlockPos)
to see the order.
confirmed for 1.10.2
Please don't fix this bug π

Looks like it was 1.13-pre3 :/