1 of 2 pistons remained active after all redstone wire and lamps and pistons and all other blocks around it were destroyed. I replicated this bug several times.
What I expected to happen was...:
Once the restone wire above the pistons lost power, I expected both pistons to retract
What actually happened was...:
After cutting power to the redston wire, 1 of the 2 pistons remained powered
Steps to Reproduce:
1. In the "Before" image, everything works just fine
2. In the "After" image, the piston remains active
3. In the "Bug" image, all blocks around the active piston have been destroyed. You can also see in the background that I replicated the bug with both types of piston.
Now, this was in creative mode, but I feel it is worth mentioning that when I switched over to survival mode I was able to again replicate the bug with one exception. Upon destroying an adjacent block, (after destroying all redston) the piston DID retract.
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This is used in Block Update Detectors (BUD-switches) and is some kind of bug turned into a feature.
Whether this will be fixed or not depends on the redstone changes currently planned for 1.5.

As Mustek said this is currently considered a feature and not a bug. In short: A piston is able to receive power from 2 blocks away. But it is updated only if something 1 block away changes. I know this can be very confusing. I think this report should be closed in favor of other reports.

Duplicate of MC-108.