When dismounting from a "vehicle", the game isn't checking the right place if any coordinate is negative.
Way to witness the bug
Create a new single-player superflat game.
Head to South-East quadrant ( /tp 10 10 10 )
Lay a rail
Put a minecart on it
Enter the minecart and then shift-exit it
Destroy the block you were put on (optional - fill it with lava)
repeat the enter-exit cycle
Notice you have been ejected to another (safe) block
Head to North-West quadrant ( /tp -10 10 -10 )
Lay a rail
Put a minecart on it
Enter the minecart and then shift-exit it
Destroy the block you were put on (optional - fill it with lava)
repeat the enter-exit cycle
Notice you have been ejected to the same place (optional - you are now swimming into lava)
Second part can be also done on NE or SW quadrants, to the same result.
Related issues
Comments

Duplicate of MC-51987/MC-52274