The bug
When any block moved by piston gets destroyed it displays missing texture particle.
Steps to reproduce
Build
or
Put the following command in the command block and change X Y Z so it destroys the gold block when activated
/setblock X Y Z minecraft:air default destroy
Flick the lever
Put any pushable block in front of the piston
Related issues
is duplicated by
Attachments
Comments

Duplicate of MC-58189. The piston extension allows the block to be moved by the piston, so when the block moves, it "becomes" (or is temporarily replaced by) a piston extension.

Cannot Reproduce in 1.8.2-pre1, waiting on response from other people.

Can reproduce using a command block (and good timing)
/setblock ~ ~ ~-1 minecraft:air 0 destroy
You can't reproduce it with "bare hands" because you can't hit the block while it's moving (see MC-103071)
Can reproduce in 1.11.2 using a wither (also see attachments for the setup):
1. Build a simple wither cage (with bedrock for example)
2. Summon the wither
3. Set up a dispenser with arrows or snow balls to damage the wither
4. Place a piston with a movable block in front so that the block would be where the wither can break blocks if the piston was extended
5. Connect the dispenser to a button with redstone dust and connect the piston to the button using three repeaters on maximum delay
6. Activate the button and see the missing texture when the wither breaks the moving block

Relates to MC-113429
Seems to produce no particles in 1.13.

Fixed in exactly 17w49a