I wanted to see the new render distance, but setting it above 16 resulted in the visual glitching you see in the attached gif. If I turn VBO on this problem goes away. Of note, before updating Java, turning on VBO removed the glitching, but also removed the legs of cows. The cow legs have returned, thankfully.
Steps to Reproduce:
1. Set Chunk Render Distance value over 16
2. Have VBO be off
3. Glitches. Glitches everywhere.
Environment
The latest 64bit Java as of June 25th, 2014
Operating System: Windows 7 Professional 64-bit (6.1, Build 7601) Service Pack 1 (7601.win7sp1_gdr.140303-2144)
Language: English (Regional Setting: English)
System Manufacturer: System manufacturer
System Model: System Product Name
BIOS: BIOS Date: 08/12/13 16:11:21 Ver: 42.10
Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4930K CPU @ 3.40GHz (12 CPUs), ~3.4GHz
Memory: 32768MB RAM
Available OS Memory: 32708MB RAM
Page File: 5905MB used, 59510MB available
Card name: AMD Radeon R9 200 Series
Manufacturer: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
Chip type: AMD Radeon Graphics Processor (0x67B0)
DAC type: Internal DAC(400MHz)
Device Key: Enum\PCI\VEN_1002&DEV_67B0&SUBSYS_0B001002&REV_00
Display Memory: 3767 MB
Dedicated Memory: 4052 MB
Shared Memory: 3810 MB
Current Mode: 1920 x 1080 (32 bit) (60Hz)
This happened to me when my render distance was at 10, also I had permanent sheared-one legged sheep.