Massive Visual Glitching with VBO turned off and Chunk distance over 16

I wanted to see the new render distance, but setting it above 16 resulted in the visual glitching you see in the attached gif. If I turn VBO on this problem goes away. Of note, before updating Java, turning on VBO removed the glitching, but also removed the legs of cows. The cow legs have returned, thankfully.

Steps to Reproduce:
1. Set Chunk Render Distance value over 16
2. Have VBO be off
3. Glitches. Glitches everywhere.