There is a glitch that happens when I increase my render distance anything past 16. At 17 and beyond Minecraft will have a repeated pattern that you can see in the pictures. This is not what it is supposed to look like at all. It is very similar to this issue https://bugs.mojang.com/browse/MC-64264 .
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You don't have enough RAM allocated, but I am starting to see a trend of Radeon problems

Duplicate of MC-62958. Also, while you need at least 2 GB to activate 32 chunks, the RAM has nothing to do with this issue.