To reproduce: Give yourself Night Vision (or any other effect) for a short time, spectate a mob, and wait till the potion expires. Upon checking your inventory, you will find that the effect duration is stick at 0:00.
The only way to fix this is to clear the effect using the /effect command (relogging just gives you the effect again). This is especially problematic with Night Vision since the screen will repeatedly flicker on and off.
Can no longer reproduce in 15w47c (possibly earlier).