If you put your bow to your off-hand, then it can't be used in any way. Even if you have arrows.
I am not sure is it intended, but it shouldn't be.
Demonstration:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qam_C_Zg-mY
Environment
Intel Core i5 4690
MSI Radeon R9 380
8 GB Ram. (1GB given to Minecraft)
Windows 10 Pro
Java 8
Linked issues
Comments 2
Dupe of MC-82923
Oh. Well. How to remove the bug report?