When you type the 'true' property in the /effect command like so:
/effect [playername] [effect id] [amplifier] [duration] true
It should remove all particles caused by the effect. Instead, it still creates particles which always default to blue. Leaving the property out renders the correct particle color, so it is most definitely caused by the property. I tried this with multiple effects including Strength, Speed, Glowing etc.
Duplicate of MC-83322 (though this description is better, but that one has a video).