Certain Minecraft worlds don't render blocks correctly, you get a random spew of blocks rendering at different angles, and not rendering at all.
Tests:
Version From - IncorrectRenders/TotalWorlds
1.8.8 - 7/50
15w35e - 37/50
15w35d - 45/50
15w34d - 37/50
15w33c - 17/50
15w32c - 14/50
Steps to Reproduce:
1. Create a world
2. Open in 15w35e
Attached is a screenshot and a manual debug crash log.
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Dupe of MC-62958

This is a different issue, I have VBOs on and it happens on all render distances.

Your crash report says otherwise:
Using VBOs: No

I did a lot of tests. Some with and some with VBOs. The result is the same. It seems that after even more testing, switching from VBOs to no VBOs or vice-versa fixes the issue. Doesn't matter which way.

OpenGL: AMD Radeon R5 200 Series GL version 4.4.12874 Compatibility Profile Context 14.100.0.0, ATI Technologies Inc.
Your graphics card driver is outdated.
Install Catalyst 15.7: http://support.amd.com/en-us/download/desktop?os=Windows+7+-+64