I've been playing on a world for a few months now trying to gather all the achievements I can (not relevant). I was fighting zombies in a spawner room trying to repair my mending armor when I wasn't paying attention and died. This location was right underneath where I'd respawn. When I got to it all of my items were there except my netherite helmet (enchanted to the brim) and a stack of potatoes which weren't that important. I have no idea where it went. I even dug a 25x25 block area around where I died and couldn't find it. Could someone explain this?
Mobs can pick up items, so it is possible that a zombie picked up your helmet. If you have a collection system for when you kill the zombies you might check to see if your helmet is there, or if there are still zombies in the room then kill them all to see if any drop your helmet.
If something causes the mob that picked up your items to despawn then the items could be lost.