Using the "dimension.spawnParticle" method in @minecraft/server 1.12.0-beta spawns the given particle with an unexpected offset compared to the "particle" command.
I have provided the script used & a demonstration of the bug.
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If you want the particle to spawn at the middle of the block, maybe you need to supply the +0.5 offset from the block's location? Integer coordinates correspond to the bottom northwest corner of a block. The relative coordinates in your command block assume the center of the block and add the offset automatically. Does that explain your issue?