I have a village at Y level 190. This is built in a lava cast tower. They sleep, reset their trades, gather around the bell and gossip and do everything else they’re supposed to do, except spawn golems and cats. I’ve triple checked everything and I’m now up to over 30 villagers trying to keep fiddling with it to make it work.
The test village I made in creative works, but it is at a lower Y level. It doesn’t spawn anything even if I remove the spawn proofing at the village floor level. The high Y level is the only reason I can see for it to not work. I haven’t found anything documented for this limitation.
This is a technical gameplay issue, not a bug. Iron golems and cats have specific spawning requirements, including distance from the village center, spawnable blocks, and the distance between the player and the village center. You may want to seek help in a player community.