Items with "minecraft:damage_absorption" do not absorb damage if the item is enchanted with Unbreaking and receives no durability loss due to the enchantment.

The minecraft:damage_absorption is supposed to absorb damage that would otherwise be dealt to its wearer, which in turn reduces the item's durability, with any excess damage ignored. But if the item has the Unbreaking enchantment, damage is only absorbed if the item takes durability damage, which essentially makes it random whether damage is absorbed, which isn’t intended according to the documentation.

In order for this to happen the item must have a minimum damage chance of lower than 100 in the minecraft:durability component.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/minecraft/creator/reference/content/itemreference/examples/itemcomponents/minecraft_damage_absorption?view=minecraft-bedrock-experimental

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/minecraft/creator/reference/content/itemreference/examples/itemcomponents/minecraft_durability?view=minecraft-bedrock-stable