You cannot feed wolves in single-player after they get hurt in some way. To reproduce tame a wolf, hit it, and try to feed it.
Note 3
Linked issues
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Illidicia
Lisa, see MCPE-8517.
I am having the same issue. My wolves are dying, and I can't heal or breed. All meat does the same thing, inventory decreases, but no effect on wolves, tails still down and/or no breeding hearts. Also tries sleeping to heal tamed wolves, did nothing.