Something i noticed about this issue is that it is caused by network/ip, I had this problem consistently with my launcher, the missing files were exactly the same as the example you posted, but after enabling a VPN and connecting to Netherlands the issue got resolved immediately. (I used ProtonVPN and connected to a fast Netherlands server, I also did a complete reinstall of the launcher and any Minecraft instances with the VPN enabled).
Auurenlian
Something i noticed about this issue is that it is caused by network/ip, I had this problem consistently with my launcher, the missing files were exactly the same as the example you posted, but after enabling a VPN and connecting to Netherlands the issue got resolved immediately. (I used ProtonVPN and connected to a fast Netherlands server, I also did a complete reinstall of the launcher and any Minecraft instances with the VPN enabled).