I reported it as I didn't realize someone else had reported this. If a particle isn't directly visible, then it won't render. If it's underwater and you're not, it won't render. If you're underwater but it's in the air or another body of water, it won't render. Transparent blocks block particles too. If you don't have a direct straight path of nothing but air or water blocks to a particle, then it won't show up.
MC-107637 didn't show up in search though