Confirmed for 1.12.2.
I saw the other trouble ticket, but the last comment is: "No answer, assuming no longer an issue." That was for a much older version and this is 1.7.2, the newest, so it is still an issue, apparently.
Sorry if I didn't give enough information or did something incorrectly. I'll be happy to provide any details requested and I can upload my world save if needed.
I was on fire when I died, if that matters. The Nether portal was in the process of transporting me back to the Overworld. After I lost all my hearts, I just stood there. If I remember correctly, I clicked respawn and nothing happened, but I can't quite remember. When that didn't work, I clicked return to main menu. Then, I selected my world and tried to open it, but Minecraft crashed.
No mods, not even a texture pack. Single player only. Fresh install and a pretty fresh install of Windows 7 x64 Home Premium on a Dell n7110 laptop with an i7 2630QM/8 GB RAM/2 GB GeForce GT 525M/256 GB Samsung 840 Pro SSD. First world created. I've used the SSD for almost a year now with no issues. The laptop has had no issues. Genuine Windows, no pirated software.
Not that it will be any help, but here's a journal where I was posting updates on the game as I played: http://www.minecraftforum.net/topic/2092596-to-slay-a-dragon-my-first-journal-no-mods-pictures/
UPDATE: After closing Minecraft, I opened the world and it showed me still standing there on fire, but with the "You died!" text. I clicked respawn and it worked! Oh, thank the video game gods!!!
Still, I'm glad I uploaded the issue and hope I can help in any way if needed.
Thanks anyway!
Can also confirm it happens in 1.12.2. Constantly.