-EDIT: This bug is fixed in 1.21.1 Java, but existing trial chambers are not fixed and require regeneration to resolve this.
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Worth noting, I also am seeing this exact issue on Java 1.21 (Paper server jar) when bringing old world to new version.
Make brand new 1.21 java server, only bring across the existing 1.20.2 world folder
Chunks like this with chambers with 1 block wide walls of deepslate.
Further notes, when doing a worldedit regen on the chamber, the deepslate wall remains there in the same place every time. Worldedit //regen actually regenerates the chamber with the wall going through it no matter how large you make the regen volume. Only thing that got rid of the deepslate wall was doing a chunk delete and server restart to re-generate the chunks fully.
Additionally, no mobs or rewards spawn in any of the chambers, including ones that generated correctly in brand new chunks. This could be unrelated though.
Previous commenter says this was apparently patched by PaperMC but I have paper 1.21.1 build #128 and it is not fixed in t his version at least, but I only noticed it starting a few months ago. I just had to wait 10 minutes for my world to save and it happened a few times last month too. If you interrupt the process by force killing the process, you lose data.
openjdk 21.0.5 2024-10-15
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 21.0.5+11-Ubuntu-1ubuntu122.04)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 21.0.5+11-Ubuntu-1ubuntu122.04, mixed mode, sharing)