I'm having the same issue. I have only tested this in 1.13.2 and 1.14.2, but the bug only appeared in 1.14.2. This is how I reproduced it.
Get away from the spawnchunks, (/tp 1000 100 1000)
Place a single block in the air with nothing directly below or above it.
Place a carpet on the block.
While standing on the carpet, mark your coordinates, rounding down the y to the nearest integer.
Teleport back to spawn. (/tp 0 70 0)
Teleport back to the coordinates you marked (/tp 1000.5 100 1000.5)
You should see yourself falling below the block.
A couple additional things I have noticed are
If the carpet were removed, you would not fall
If the carpet were replaced by 2, 3, or 4 thin layers of snow such that standing on it makes y=integer+0.125 or +0.250 or +0.375, you would also fall through, but more than or equal to 5 layers of snow such that y=>integer+0.500 will teleport you to the right spot.
Even if the carpet is loaded by another player standing near it, you still fall through.
If you skipped step 5 and instead only walked a few blocks away, you would not fall through the carpet.
This is a big problem on my server with a lot of people falling into the void when trying to go to enderman farms. I would like to clarify that the above reproduction steps and comments were tested on my singleplayer vanilla server. I would appreciate a fix to this bug for 1.14.3.
The bug in Timothy's video is not the same as the original issue. Timothy's video shows villagers who are sleeping on beds. The issue we have been talking about is for all entities, even the ones that can't sleep on beds. I'd also like to mention that I have had villagers despawn who were trapped in a 1x1 block with no bed nearby.
Using paper-3 for 1.14, I noticed this in my console logs:
[15:58:05 ERROR]: Keeping entity minecraft:cow that already exists with UUID 58b95fe6-e708-4767-af72-c5acc2872aa3 [15:58:05 ERROR]: Deleting duplicate entity EntityCow['Cow'/7883, uuid='58b95fe6-e708-4767-af72-c5acc2872aa3', l='world', x=3572.00, y=80.00, z=7455.00, cx=223, cz=465, tl=626, v=false, d=false] [15:58:05 ERROR]: Keeping entity minecraft:cow that already exists with UUID 89ceaef9-2bce-421d-a916-4b7d4ee86062 [15:58:05 ERROR]: Deleting duplicate entity EntityCow['Cow'/7884, uuid='89ceaef9-2bce-421d-a916-4b7d4ee86062', l='world', x=3570.00, y=80.00, z=7455.00, cx=223, cz=465, tl=626, v=false, d=false] [15:58:05 ERROR]: Keeping entity minecraft:cow that already exists with UUID fc1099d8-5b05-41a4-9e25-e181aaa435b3 [15:58:05 ERROR]: Deleting duplicate entity EntityCow['Cow'/7885, uuid='fc1099d8-5b05-41a4-9e25-e181aaa435b3', l='world', x=3571.00, y=80.00, z=7455.00, cx=223, cz=465, tl=626, v=false, d=false] [15:58:05 ERROR]: Keeping entity minecraft:cow that already exists with UUID fa9f003c-b1d1-4c09-b0ca-cb38e41a5a2a [15:58:05 ERROR]: Deleting duplicate entity EntityCow['Cow'/7886, uuid='fa9f003c-b1d1-4c09-b0ca-cb38e41a5a2a', l='world', x=3573.00, y=80.00, z=7454.00, cx=223, cz=465, tl=626, v=false, d=false][15:58:07 ERROR]: Keeping entity minecraft:pig that already exists with UUID b8e4cfab-8793-43af-8cdc-17836d96025e [15:58:07 ERROR]: Deleting duplicate entity EntityPig['Pig'/7918, uuid='b8e4cfab-8793-43af-8cdc-17836d96025e', l='world', x=3494.13, y=64.00, z=7438.51, cx=218, cz=464, tl=6943, v=false, d=false]
Teleporting to these coordinates, I sometimes found the entity still there and sometimes did not find the entity there. I'm wondering if this has to do with the bug.
I'm using spigot 1.14 with several plugins so it might not be exactly this bug, but I felt I might as well share what I know because it most likely does relate. I'm the owner of an smp server. The server often crashes about once an hour, almost always due to https://bugs.mojang.com/browse/MC-148830. People have been reporting all sorts of entities from armor stands to named villagers disappearing, usually soon after the server starts up. Checking the history with CoreProtect, we found no logs of them dying, so we assume that they're despawning. To try and reproduce this, I placed 4 villagers in their own cells and logged off. I came back a few hours later, probably a crash in between, and the villagers were gone. I replenished their cells with 3 more villagers, leaving one empty on accident. I log off and return a few hours later, possibly after a crash, and the villagers are still there. I notice the empty cell and add a villager. I then teleport far away and place another villager in a new cell. I log off and after another server crash, I return to see the villager I placed most recently is still there. I teleport back to the place with the original villagers and find the three villagers which were there for a while had despawned, while the last villager was still there. This bug is affecting many of my servers' players. I really hope you patch it for 1.14.1.
I was able to reproduce on 1.14.4 but not on 1.15-pre1. I think it's fixed. Thanks for your hard work!