No, I'm confident that specifically chicken jockeys cause the issue, not empty carts and not carts riding certain other mobs (tested with blazes, wither skellies and zombified piglins).
I use this setup a lot in a fortress farm, where jockeys are the rare exception, I have 600 minecarts going around in 8gt intervals on 4 tracks, with each having about 8 of these curves on average, And the setup would sometimes break after hours of operation. So I used replay mod to identify the issue, and it was always a chicken jockey that caused the issue. Compared to hundreds of thousands of empty minecarts and minecarts carrying blazes, wither skellies and zombified piglins (both babies and adults) where this bug did not occur. It took me days of debugging and experimenting and eventually I solved the issue by killing the chickens by dropping all mobs through lava. The farm has ran smoothly ever since (ran it for over 40 hours now). So it were the jockeys, and only the jockeys.
I also ran the world download for hours with empty carts, without issues. Going to chicken jockeys produced the problem almost immediately.
On second thought.. Yes, I think this ticket fixes the issue,
Zombified piglins appear to spawn no reinforcements in the overworld, in a copper farm where both zombified villagers and zombies do.
Still happens in 1.21.0.