I have also encountered the issue of text not appearing on signs through glass. My signs are birch, and I've tested this phenomenon through glass blocks as well as glass panes.
I cannot confirm Mr. Ashcroft's other observations, of the text appearing again at a great distance, or of any block placement bugs. Also note that I am not playing on a server; this is a private game. Note that the text might reappear at a great distance, but I have not tested this so I don't know.
Like Mr. Ashcroft, I was also playing on Xbox One at the time of first noticing the bug.
I've also had experienced this issue, and have mentioned my experience in a similar bug report (MCPE-57254). I am also on Xbox One.
Won't re-hash the whole comment, but I would like to point out that this bug happens through glass blocks as well as glass panes.