That is working as intended. The left or right mouse buttons do not work in adventure mode, because that gamemode is intended not for you to interact with blocks. You should be going into survival mode, and not adventure, if you want to interact with blocks.
This seems to happen with every type of food; you can eat them when they are stacked, but you cannot eat them when they are the last in the stack or the game will crash.
This also occurs on multiplayer games; eating the last food in a stack crashes EVERY player's games.