Gotcha. Well this looks to be something going on with Spigot, then, given that I can't reproduce it with the default JAR. I'll open a ticket with them. Thanks for the help!
So as it happens I ran my server using the vanilla JAR. What happened is that while the problem with Nether Portals did not reproduce I also noted that my Nether world loads completely empty - none of the work that's been done in there was present.
Good question. I'm at work now and will give that a shot during lunch. I'll try and post back in a few hours when I can give it a go.
FYI updating to the most recent release of Spigot 1.10 resolved this issue for me.