My ubuntu 18.04 has
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.25
So both libs on our 18.04 systems are identical, yet the crash still occurs on my server while your 18.04 seems to work. I'm not running it in a docker container.
I moved my world to a system with Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS with libc-2.27, installed bedrock server there, but it still crashes 😞
root@hydros:~# lsb_release -d
Description: Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS
root@hydros:~# ldd --version
ldd (Ubuntu GLIBC 2.27-3ubuntu1.4) 2.27
Here's my ldd output. I already diffed it with yours (Tom) and found no differences. I'm gonna test some more with the village that is causing the crash, it is only one of the villages in my world.