I've seen this as well.
Trading with a cartographer that wants 25 paper for an emerald.
If it's the last emerald he's willing to trade before needing to cool down and I put more than 25 paper in his trading slot and trade with him:
The remaining paper will drop on the ground but I cannot pick it up and ALL mobs will stop moving and chests won't work.
Relogging will put me back at the point before the last trade was made.
I did it three times in a row and then switched to giving him exact change which worked correctly even after he entered cool down.
I've attached a manually triggered crash
I just tried again with the intent of getting it on video. While I was looking at the video and trying to upload it her the game "unfroze" in the background and the other villagers and the chest started working again. However, the cartographer did not react to right-clicking and remained so until I relogged.
I.e. it's not a crash per se but rather a very long blocking of some part of the game logic caused by the cartographer