This happened to me at the same moment as you, but it wasn't a bow. I lost an enchanted Diamond Sword, and it duplicated Cooked Cod?
Edit: I was swinging at a zombie, and it just disappeared, and the thing is the Sword was in the slot 1 and the Cod was at the end.
What happened in my case?? I lost an enchanted Diamond Sword, but I wasn't even holding a bow. I was swinging the sword at a zombie and before it died it duped the cooked cod I had on the other side of the hotbar.