Actually, after messing around a bit more, the effects wear off after a little while (presumably once the game realizes you're not near a beacon), and I was able to get the beacon effects back one time after leaving the area and returning.
I just encountered this bug in release 1.8. It only seems to happen when I portal into the affected coordinate range in the nether. Going out of range of the "beacon" and then returning to it or relogging both remove the effects.
I find that I get warnings "Unable to play unknown soundEvent: minecraft:none" when I'm near a Snow Golem.
When in a Minecart, the sky only darkens on a flat track. It's normal on an incline. (And it alternates between and light when on a track that alternates between flat and inclined tracks.)