I tested It with Healing and Damage potions and it seems to be that the potion effect is the strongest when 124 (my testing in 1.14 but the same results in 1.16.1) Values above that are completely broken they will be weaker or really weak. It not only applies to potions but also to the /summon command when you summon entitys with effects. I didn't do many test's with the /effect command
I tested It with Healing and Damage potions
and it seems to be that the potion effect is the strongest when 124 (my testing in 1.14 but the same results in 1.16.1)
Values above that are completely broken they will be weaker or really weak.
It not only applies to potions but also to the /summon command when you summon entitys with effects.
I didn't do many test's with the /effect command