The issue is reproducible in 19w09a as well. This also highlights a previously-noticed issue where placing blocks while a character is in an unloaded chunk causes said blocks to be overwritten when the chunks are loaded in. I've attached yet another file demonstrating these issues.
I was able to reproduce the issue in version 19w08b. Jumping now fixes the problem; Ender Pearls are no longer required. However, the issue is still easily reproducible. Additionally, another glitch would often appear in tandem with the first, where I would suddenly start falling infinitely. I've attached another file where I repeatedly reproduce both issues.
This is fixed almost perfectly as of 1.15! There's the tiniest bounce occasionally, but no sticking like before, and it doesn't cause any trouble at all in normal play. Thank you! 🙂