I can confirm this, other than the fence only part. You'll fall through any transparent block, such as glowstone, glass, and leaves.
Confirmed, but this is on purpose. The same applies to nether fences + regular fences.
Meh, too lazy.
Valid point, but I think it kind of makes it look thinner, like actual ice. Think about it.
It's very possible that this is not a bug. Personally I think it'd be kinda weird to see ice through water...
I could get it working if you fill all 3 blocks with sources.
Oh yea. I forgot that it's the other way around.
Search before you post: https://mojang.atlassian.net/browse/MC-347
@Daedalus Young
That's not the same as this problem.