On my tablet this glitch also causes chests and mobs to turn invisible.
I did a small test with a RCA tablet. I was able to at least partially reproduce the first issue you mentioned - being able to craft two quartz pillars and then not being able to craft more, as well as being able to craft fifteen pillars. Both situations might be related to the MATTIS system and that the Quartz pillar can be used as an ingredient for producing quartz pillars.
If the quartz pillar ends up in an inventory slot higher and to the left of the other quartz blocks the MATTIS system will use the pillars to craft pillars.
The same thing happens with both versions of smooth sandstone.
I have seen the same error in a couple of worlds were I made in MCPE 0.14.0 (a sorter/storage unit using redstone, dropers, comparators, repeaters, hoppers and chests) - mostly withiin a single chunk.
When spawning outside the affected chunk the GUI and chests are visible, but moving inside that area causes both to become invisible. The last action prior to having that issue with the chunk was placing a block (redstone torch in one case, a sandstone stairs in the other.
I have noticed that there appears to be a limit of 7 invisible slots.
A work around I've used in the last few versions (up to 0.13.2) to get those items to my regular inventory without crafting them is to first empty my inventory into a chest. Then standing about 3 blocks away from an anvil, I place the stacks of two of those normally invisible slots into the slots in the anvil and exit the anvil gui. Those two stacks are dropped on the ground. I then repeat this until the stacks in the invisible slots are all on the ground and then pick them up again.
In MCPE the smooth sandstone recipe for both colors of sandstone include sandstone, smooth sandstone, and chiselled sandstone. That is what causes the number of times it can be crafted to not decrease. if you have smooth sandstone in a slot higher or to the left in your inventory it will continuously recraft the same smooth sandstone blooks. By the way, in MC(PC) 1.10 smooth sandstone can only be crafted using regular sandstone.