For information, this issue is resolved using OptiFine 1.9.
I'm on Arch Linux 64 bits with an Intel HD 4400 GPU + 4 GB of RAM.
This bug is happening since the upgrade to 1.9 and this is utterly a disaster for the game experience.
Please fix it as soon as possible because I'm going to revert to 1.8.9 that worked flawlessly on the rendering.
Screenshot : http://pasteboard.co/2viTk2F3.png
This comment is ridiculous and incorrect. The Vsync has to do with your screen only. The issue is with the chunks rendering. Two different things at different levels.
Will the developers finally acknowledge that bug ? Now I'm really disapointed to have spent $20 on a long-standing broken game...