I'm on Linux here, but I believe installing the GLFW shared object could fix it on macOS as well, since on Linux here, MC uses the system GLFW shared object, so it's possible it uses it on macOS as well, since only on Windows is the developer expected to provide the libraries they are using.
So, yeah, try installing GLFW and see if it works.
(guide: https://stackoverflow.com/a/23533364)
Also, a less likely problem might be your usage of Java 9. If installing GLFW doesn't fix it, maybe downgrading Java (to the latest 8; I advise you not to try 7) will help.
Hmm...as I do not have a backup, may anyone please share their backups?
I don't believe one needs to tweak launcher_profiles.json, so please omit that.
This is quite delayed, but this has been fixed now with the release of the new launcher.
As long as the launcher is allowed to fetch updates, it should run now.