The bug
I play an old world (generated with 1.11, updated to 1.12 and now to 1.13, seed 6214752069859396573). I previously visited a stronghold that I found via /locate structure command, but had not marked visibly (close to coordinates -151, ~, -1414).
When attempting to revisit, the "Eye of Ender" and the /locate structure command bring me to the coordinates (-232, ~, -1592) suitable for my seed as would be generated in 1.13. I had visited both chunks in question previously, so no new stronghold was actually generated. The 1.13 coordinates are close to the "real" stronghold.
http://chunkbase.com/apps/stronghold-finder
shows the same coordinates as /locate structure. When selecting 1.9-1.12 as seed version in the stronghold-finder, the coordinates of the "real" stronghold are shown correctly and I was able to find the previously visited stronghold.
How to reproduce
Create a new world in version 1.12.2 using the seed
135996
Teleport to the coordinates
1100 70 1500
/teleport 1100 70 1500
Close the world, and reopen it in the latest version/snapshot
Use
/locate structure
to find a stronghold/locate structure stronghold
→ ❌ There is no stronghold at the reported location
Throw eyes of ender to find a stronghold
→ ❌ The eyes of ender do not lead to a stronghold
Linked issues
is duplicated by
relates to
Attachments
Comments


On 1.14.4, in a world created in older versions, Eyes of Ender will point to a location without a Stronghold. They worked correctly for a Stronghold newly generated in 1.14.4 though.

Duplicated by or related to MC-195340. It appears that /locate uses a system independent of world data causing these issues.

Can confirm in 1.18.1, per my duplicate report

can confirm also. nor older terrain strongholds or new terrain strongholds can be found with ender eyes now

"new terrain", that may be MC-218910 you're experiencing there.

Ran into this bug today (26 April, 2022) and adding info for reproducing here.
Create world in 1.16.5 with seed 6932402341090280053.
Verify no stronghold at coordinates -1032, ~, 1400.
Upgrade world to 1.18.*
/locate command and eyes of ender direct player to -1032, ~, 1400 where no stronghold exists
Note: using the above seed in a fresh 1.18.* world produces a stronghold at the above coordinates below y=0

Can confirm in 1.19.3

Can confirm on 1.19.3 - even worlds from 1.19.2 will have their strongholds relocated in 1.19.3, so when you upgrade a world from 1.19.2 to 1.19.3, eyes of ender do not work. Stronghold definitions should stay written in the region files and not be replaced when a world is upgraded. Personally, it's kind of hard to believe this has been raised over 4 years ago and no changes have been made to fix this.

After some testing, I've found that if you upgrade a world from 1.19.2 to 1.19.3, eye of ender points to different coordinates. When you open the same world back on 1.19.2 (downgrade it), eye of ender points again to the original correct coordinates. The same goes for /locate. Upgrading a world does not overwrite anything in region files.
I've compared stronghold locations using chunkbase. I've projected the same seed on 1.19-1.19.2 (red dots) and on 1.19.3 (orange dots). It appears that the difference in stronghold locations gets bigger depending on how far you are from the map center:
[media]
Mine all take me to the same exact spot no matter how far I go, weird.

Thank you for your report!
After consideration, the issue is being closed as Won't Fix.
Please note that this is not the same as Working as Intended, as this bug report correctly describes behavior in the game that might not be the intended or desirable behavior, but it will not be fixed right now. Sometimes, this is because the issue reported is minor and/or impossible to change without large architectural changes to the code base.
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Still not fixed on 1.14.2 pre-release 2