The bug
When there are no spawnable blocks near an end gateway, it will loop you back to were you were before. This is because the default position the end gateway is the block directly above the gateway. since you are then directly inside the bedrock above the gateway, you fall back into it immediately.
This could probably be solved by spawning the player higher up, so that he stands on top of the bedrock instead.
How to reproduce
Go to the end (
/execute in the_end run tp 0 ~ 0
)kill the ender dragon (
/kill @e[type=ender_dragon]
)If there are any blocks near the end gateway, remove them or generate a new one.
Use an ender pearl to get through the gateway
Use another ender pearl at the end gateway right next to you
→ ❌ You are teleported back to where you were before
Linked issues
duplicates
Comments

I managed to reproduce this in 1.13 as well. In 1.13, this seems to happen, when there are no blocks near the end gateway to put you. In this version, it teleports you 1 block above the actual gateway block inside the bedrock, and you can make it through while flying in creative mode.
In the snapshots, placing blocks next to the gateway does not help the situation, unlike it used to in 1.13.

Is this still an issue in post-1.14 releases?
Can still reproduce in the latest snapshot.
Only happens when there are no spawnable blocks near the target gateway.

Thank you for your report!
We're tracking this issue in MC-114566, so this ticket is being resolved and linked as a duplicate.
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Confirmed, I got video footage of a "tp-loop", also read my comment here.