Having your head inside a glass block now makes the world black, like in opaque blocks. Previously it just turned the glass invisible, just like it still does in Spectator mode. Switching to third person view also restores the ability to see the world, but the camera does not move out of the glass block.
Probably for the same reason, glass blocks now suffocate players and mobs with their head inside of it, breaking lots of contraptions.
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Glass blocks are now solid, see https://twitter.com/jeb_/status/1108312583596068864. The duplicates mention your issue (MC-143478, MC-143812, MC-142352 and MC-142815).

I would recommend closing the first two as duplicates of this one instead. The others are correctly closed, because they are about suffocation.
Linked those reports to this issue.

This has also affected ice for far longer. MC-73784
The other report doesn't mention that you can't see anything from within glass, which is surely not intended, because glass is transparent.