Upon world generation, any block placed above the surface of the world (roughly 24 blocks above the surface) will begin to lower the light level around it with light level reaching 0 at 38 blocks above the surface block, even during the day. All air blocks also read as having a light level of 0 around a 20 block radius around the top block placed (you can also observe this by the lightening and darkening of the player model). No other air block will read as having an abnormal light level, only those that are around the "glitched light level radius".
This can be recreated simply by placing a pillar of blocks on the surface, either on survival or creative. The light levels will begin to decrease as the player pillars upwards. This bug seems to depend on the y level of blocks already placed at world generation, that is to say the y level blocks begin to darken at depends on the y level of the top block placed at each x, z, coordinate at world generation.
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Confirmed.
How to reproduce: Build a pillar upwards. Reloading the world "fixes" it.

Hope this is getting a fix ^^ Here some more screenshots if needed: https://imgur.com/a/0CkgGdM

I figured out that building upwards into a new cubic sub-chunk will set the lighting to 0 in the sub-chunk above. Continuing to build upwards will make the dark region grow upwards as well.
This affects not only the chunk in which blocks are placed, but also adjacent and corner-adjacent chunks.
I have a lot of screenshots if you want proof.