The bug
Before 1.14, beacon beams stopped at the build limit (256 in my example) but in this screenshot, they don't.
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They will instead go as far as the player could render the beacon. I am very sure the developers manually rewrote the beacon beam to render like this, so this is very likely intended. It looks way less ugly too.
Beacon beam stopping at the build hight limit was intended per MC-67975.
I noticed that beacon beams are glitched at the height of 1100
Can confirm in 1.17.1
I tested this in several worlds, placing the beacon source at different heights, and noticed that the height of the beam is fixed and it is 1021 blocks
Probably WAI.