This is probably due to the fact that they intersect the block somewhat and adopt its light level.
Mobs should still appear black when intersecting soul sand, just not when intersecting the top 1/16 of it.
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Can someone verify if this is fixed in 1.15pre3?

No (

From what I can tell, the black/normal lighting is based on eye level (the red square on the hitbox), which is also true for the player taking damage (but not silverfish, it seems). I'm guessing that it was based on something else in the past.