The Bug
This doesn't make sense - how are you supposed to be able to dislodge fragments of distorted spacetime? Also inconsistent behaviour with other portal-type blocks - end portals and end gateways.
Steps to Reproduce
Switch into creative mode and obtain a sword.
Summon a nether portal block nearby.
/setblock ~ ~ ~3 minecraft:nether_portal
Whilst holding the sword in your hand, begin hitting the nether portal block.
As you do this, take note as to whether or not nether portal blocks produce particles when being hit.
Observed Behavior
Nether portal blocks produce particles when being hit.
Expected Behavior
Nether portal blocks would not produce particles when being hit.
Related issues
relates to
Attachments
Comments

Confirmed. If this is intentional, the end portal and end gateway not emitting particles at all might be a bug (but I recall that the current alternative to that is missing texture particles, so that might be intentional as well).
Can confirm in 20w51a.
Can confirm in 21w05b.
Can confirm in 21w06a.
Can confirm in 1.16.5 and 21w08b.

Also affects fire.
Can confirm in 21w13a.
Can confirm in 21w14a.
Can confirm in 1.17.1.
Can confirm this in 1.18 Pre-release 1. Here are some extra details regarding this problem.
The Bug:
Nether portal blocks produce particles when being hit.
Other portal-like blocks such as end gateways and end portals don't produce particles when being hit, therefore introducing an inconsistency with nether portal blocks.
Steps to Reproduce:
Switch into creative mode and obtain a sword.
Summon a nether portal block nearby.
/setblock ~ ~ ~3 minecraft:nether_portal
Whilst holding the sword in your hand, begin hitting the nether portal block.
As you do this, take note as to whether or not nether portal blocks produce particles when being hit.
Observed Behavior:
Nether portal blocks produce particles when being hit.
Expected Behavior:
Nether portal blocks would not produce particles when being hit.
Can confirm in 1.18.1.
Can confirm in 1.18.2 and 22w18a.
Can confirm in 1.19.
Can confirm in 1.19.2.