EDIT: Discovered that Mincraft generates "cave air", so there's no bug.
Example Location:
Seed: 1497405538277912123 at X:-288 Y:12 Z:300
I ran this command and it failed to set glass blocks:
/fill -228 11 300 -238 15 290 minecraft:glass replace air
I could also run around this box room and use:
/execute as @s at @s if block ~ ~ ~ minecraft:air run say hi
and nothing would happen.
Linked issues
Comments

Shoot, I just realized about cave air. I'm currently trying to close this bug report.