When you set the scoreboard to display health, and then eat a golden apple, the display says 20 when in fact, you have 24 temporarily. (In the picture below, the scoreboard shows 15 while I clearly have 18.)
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sry i couldn't found your Bug-Report

Had this bug today while playing a UHC style game with my brothers. It was quite annoying! 🙂
After the effects of the apple wear off, the scoreboard continues to display the wrong number until the player takes damage a couple of times.
Confirmed, and please fix!
EDIT: Confirmed for 13w24a

This seems mostly fixed in 13w24b, however it is not completely fixed.
The scoreboard still does not take into account the two extra hearts from the new 'absorption' effect but is still accurate with the first 10 hearts (20points)
Pictures attached...
For what I've seen, if you have set an /effect @p 21 10 4 when have regeneration, your scoreboard is updated, but when the effect disapear, it's not updated. and you have more points than what you can have.
Confirmed.