When powering a piston with redstone, the piston the redstone is pointing into should be powered, not the one below it. See attached gif.The bug doesn't happen for pistons south of the redstone.
Edit:
I have discovered that this bug happens differently depending on the axis, and which side of 0,0 the pistons are on. I have made a video showcasing this: https://youtu.be/TE1hoDIewVo
I also want to make it clear that I believe the top piston should fire, not the piston below, lifting the top one up.
This was performed in a redstone superflat world, originally created in 20w15a, and moved over directly to 20w18a, however, none of this redstone was created before 20w18a.
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Interesting. Could not reproduce your version but I found another bug when testing it. Might add.

I was unable to recreate the bug. You might want to include additional information such as operating system and Java version. You can also try describing the circumstances under which you found this bug, e.g. gamemode, single- or multiplayer.

I have edited to add a video showcasing the bug. This video shows the piston behaviour on each side of 0,0, in all 4 quarters of the world. Here: https://youtu.be/TE1hoDIewVo

In 1.16.1 and 1.16.2 RC-1
Can confirm in 20w48a.
Can confirm in 20w51a.

Can confirm in 1.17.1.

Can confirm in 21w44a.